Coverage estimation of wireless cellular networks by user equipment (ue) idle mode measurements

ABSTRACT

Generally, this disclosure provides devices, systems and methods for improved coverage estimation of wireless cellular networks through User Equipment (UE) idle mode measurement and reporting. A UE may include a signal measurement module to measure a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a serving cell of the UE, the UE in an idle mode, and to determine if the RSRP is below a threshold value. The UE may also include a cell search and selection module to search for a neighbor cell in response to determining that the RSRP is below the threshold value, and to camp on the neighbor cell if the search succeeds. The UE may further include a data logging module to log information associated with the neighbor cell, if the neighbor cell search succeeds and to log information associated with the serving cell, if the neighbor cell search fails.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to coverage estimation of wireless cellular networks, and more particularly, to coverage estimation of wireless cellular networks through User Equipment (UE) idle mode measurement and reporting.

BACKGROUND

The accelerated adoption of smartphones, tablets and cloud computing has resulted in the rapid growth of global mobile data traffic. The adoption of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) wireless networks, that offer increased capacity and capability, is an ongoing process. Network providers and operators typically deploy LTE, at least initially, in areas with relatively more dense population in an attempt to mitigate traffic congestion.

Initial LTE deployment and coverage may therefore be variable with discontinuities or gaps in coverage. Underlying legacy radio access networks, for example networks supporting Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) and/or Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), may provide more basic coverage in regions or areas where LTE coverage holes exist. Network operators or providers generally attempt to map their LTE coverage areas for planning purposes associated with the design and implementation of increased LTE coverage, for example the roll out of additional LTE base stations or evolved Node Bs (eNBs).

Some existing methods for coverage mapping involve driving a vehicle equipped with test apparatus through a geographic region to collect signal measurements. This process, however, is relatively time consuming and inefficient.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features and advantages of embodiments of the claimed subject matter will become apparent as the following Detailed Description proceeds, and upon reference to the Drawings, wherein like numerals depict like parts, and in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a top level diagram of one example embodiment consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of operations of an example embodiment consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of one example embodiment consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of another example embodiment consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of another example embodiment consistent with the present disclosure; and

FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of operations of another example embodiment consistent with the present disclosure.

Although the following Detailed Description will proceed with reference being made to illustrative embodiments, many alternatives, modifications, and variations thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Generally, this disclosure provides devices, systems and methods for improved coverage estimation of wireless cellular networks through User Equipment (UE) idle mode measurement and reporting. A UE, which may for example be travelling in a vehicle, is configured to detect LTE coverage holes, which are associated with areas of relatively weak or nonexistant eNB signal reception. Since UEs may typically remain in idle mode for a relatively large percentage of the time that they are powered on, this technique provides an increased window of opportunity for coverage hole detection. A potentially large number of UEs may report their idle mode measurements, along with locations and timestamps, up through the network hierarchy to a network manager where the collected measurements may be stored, analyzed and/or correlated to generate LTE coverage maps with increased efficiency.

FIG. 1 illustrates a top level diagram 100 of one example embodiment consistent with the present disclosure. A wireless network is shown to include a number of cell base stations, node Bs (NBs) and eNBs, and their associated cell coverage areas. Cell 1 NB 104 provides a UMTS or GSM coverage area 102 and cell 2 NB provides a UMTS or GSM coverage area 106. The UMTS cell may be part of a

Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN). The GSM cell may be part of a GSM Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) Radio Access Network (GERAN). The UMTS and/or GSM cells, representing an older, more established technology, may provide a relatively large underlying coverage area. LTE eNBs 112, 114, and their associated LTE coverage cells 110, 114, may be overlaid onto this UMTS/GSM coverage area. Coverage holes or gaps 118 may exist between LTE cells.

UE 120 may travel within or through the wireless network such that, at various times, it is within proximity for signal reception from cell 1 NB 104, cell 2 NB 108, cell 3 eNB 112 and cell 4 eNB 116. Although UE 120 may be in idle mode, these signals may be received and processed, as will be described in greater detail below, to detect LTE coverage holes.

While this is a simplified example, for illustration purposes, it will be appreciated that in practice any configuration of eNBs, NBs, UEs and cell coverage areas of various types may be deployed and may provide coverage extending to any number or areas, regions or sectors. The wireless network may comply with, or otherwise be compatible with, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) and/or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) based wireless network standard, including current, previous and future versions of that standard. These standards may include, for example, 3GPP TS 25.304, V10.5.0, “User Equipment (UE) procedures in idle mode and procedures for cell reselection in connected mode (Release 10),” 3GPP TS 36.300, V11.2.0, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 11),” 3GPP TS 36.331, V11.0.0, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification (Release 11).”

FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of operations 200 of an example embodiment consistent with the present disclosure. At operation 210, a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle, of a UE in idle mode, expires. The UE may be configured with a timer to signal the end of a DRX cycle, at which point the following additional operations may be performed. At operation 220, the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the serving cell of the UE is measured. At operation 230, the RSRP is compared to a threshold. The threshold may be selected to indicate a signal level, above which the serving cell signal strength is acceptable, and cell reselection may not be required. If the RSRP exceeds the threshold, the UE waits for the next DRX cycle expiration, at operation 295.

Otherwise, at operation 240, a search for neighboring LTE cells is performed. If a neighbor LTE cell is found, then at operation 250, the UE camps on that LTE cell. Otherwise, at operation 260, a search for neighboring inter-RAT (IRAT) cells is performed. If a neighbor IRAT cell is found, then at operation 270, the UE camps on that IRAT cell. If neither a neighbor LTE cell nor a neighbor IRAT cell is found, then at operation 280, a log is made of the RSRP, the reference signal received quality (RSRQ) and the cell ID of the serving cell. The UE location and a timestamp are also logged. If a neighbor LTE cell or a neighbor IRAT cell is found, then at operation 290, a log is made of the RSRP, the RSRQ and the cell ID of the neighbor cell. The UE location and a timestamp are also logged. Then, at operation 295, the UE waits for the next DRX cycle expiration.

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram 300 of one example embodiment consistent with the present disclosure. The network manager (NM) 302 is shown to include a centralized capacity and coverage optimization (CCO) module 304, the operation of which will be described in greater detail below. In some embodiments, the CCO 304 may reside in the element manager (EM) 308. The network manager 302 is typically a computer system and/or software application configured to provide and facilitate network support functions to network operators or providers. These support functions may include configuration management, performance monitoring, fault detection and CCO operations. Determining capacity and coverage assists network operators with design, planning and roll out of base stations (e.g., 3GPP LTE eNBs). The network manager 302 may be configured to communicate with the eNBs 310 (and/or IRAT NBs 312) through a domain manager (DM) 306 which may include an element manager (EM) 308. Domain manager 306 may be configured to provide both element and domain management functions for a sub-network, while element manager 308 may be configured to provide a set of end-user functions for management of a set of related types of network elements, for example 3GPP eNBs 310 and/or IRAT NBs 312. Network manager 302 may also be configured to communicate directly with the eNBs 310 (and/or IRAT NBs 312) through an element manager 308 at the eNB or NB. In embodiments where the CCO 304 resides in the EM 308, the CCO 304 may be configured to detect LTE coverage holes among eNBs that are in the domain of DM 306.

The domain manager 306 may be configured to provide a type 2 interface 320 to the network manager 302, which may be a standardized interface, while providing a type 1 interface 322 to the eNBs 310 (and/or IRAT NBs 312), which may be a proprietary interface. Network manager 302 may be configured to communicate directly with element managers 308 of eNBs 310 (and/or IRAT NBs 312) via type 2 interface 320. Any message translation that may be required between these two types of interfaces may be performed by the domain manager 306 and/or the element managers 308. FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram 400 of another example embodiment consistent with the present disclosure. The UE 120 is shown to include a receiver 404 (and associated antenna 402), a signal measurement module 408, a DRX timer 406, a cell search and selection module 422, a logging module 414, a UE location determination module 410, a time module 412, a reporting module 416 and a transmitter 418 (and associated antenna 420). In some embodiments, antennas 402 and 420 may be a common or shared antenna.

Receiver 404 (and associated antenna 402) may be configured to receive signals from an eNB or NB which may be associated with a serving cell of the UE or a neighbor cell. DRX timer may be configured to indicate the end of a DRX cycle time interval for the UE, in idle mode, and to trigger a signal measurement by module 408. Signal measurement module 408 may be configured to measure an RSRP of the serving cell of the UE and to compare the RSRP to a threshold value. The threshold value may be selected to indicate that the serving cell signal strength is acceptable, and that cell reselection may not be required. Cell search and selection module 422 may be configured to search for a neighbor cell in response to determining that the

RSRP is below the threshold value, and to cause the UE to camp on that neighbor cell if the search succeeds. Cell search and selection module 422 may be configured to first search for an LTE neighbor cell. If an LTE neighbor cell cannot be found, the search may continue for an inter-RAT cell (e.g., a UMTS cell or a GSM cell).

Location module 410 may be configured to generate or estimate the location of the UE. Time module 412 may be configured to determine time, for example time of day, for use as a timestamp to be associated with measurements by the UE. Logging module 414 may be configured to log information associated with the neighbor cell, if the neighbor cell search (performed by module 422) succeeds or to log information associated with the serving cell, if the neighbor cell search fails. The logged information may include RSRP, RSRQ and cell ID of the neighbor or serving cell depending on success or failure, respectively, of the search. The logged information may further include the UE location and timestamp.

Reporting module 416 may be configured to report the logged information to a capacity and coverage optimization module of a network manager. When the idle mode UE is reconnected to a base station (e.g., an eNB or NB), the UE may transmit the report, through transmitter 418 (and associated antenna 420), to the base station for relay to the NM or EM.

FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram 500 of another example embodiment consistent with the present disclosure. The centralized CCO 304 of network manager 302 is shown to include a UE measurement receiver module 502, a UE measurement analysis module 506 and a coverage hole identification module 508. In some embodiments, the CCO 304 may also include a UE measurement database 504. The UE measurement receiver module 502 may be configured to receive measurements from one or more UEs that are in an idle mode state. The measurements may be transmitted from the UE through an eNB or NB. In some embodiments, the measurements may be further transmitted through a domain manager. The measurements are associated with a cell and may include an ID of that cell, along with an RSRP and an RSRQ. The measurements may also include a location of the UE location and a timestamp.

The UE measurement analysis module 506 may be configured to correlate the received UE measurements based on the UE locations and any other suitable information. The coverage hole identification module 508 may be configured to identify and locate holes in spatial coverage of the LTE wireless cellular network based on the analysis and correlations. In some embodiments, the CCO 304 may further include a UE measurement database 504 configured to store the received UE measurements over a time interval associated with the UE measurement analysis or for any suitable historical period of interest.

FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of operations 600 of an example embodiment consistent with the present disclosure. At operation 610, a measurement of a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a serving cell of a User Equipment (UE) is triggered. The UE is in idle mode and the trigger is associated with the expiration of a discontinuous reception (DRX) time interval. At operation 620, it is determined if the

RSRP of the serving cell of the UE is below a threshold value. At operation 630, a search for a neighbor cell is performed, in response to the determining that the RSRP is below the threshold value. At operation 640, information associated with the neighbor cell is logged, if the neighbor cell search succeeds. At operation 650, information associated with the serving cell is logged, if the neighbor cell search fails.

Embodiments of the methods described herein may be implemented in a system that includes one or more storage mediums having stored thereon, individually or in combination, instructions that when executed by one or more processors perform the methods. Here, the processor may include, for example, a system CPU (e.g., core processor) and/or programmable circuitry. Thus, it is intended that operations according to the methods described herein may be distributed across a plurality of physical devices, such as processing structures at several different physical locations. Also, it is intended that the method operations may be performed individually or in a subcombination, as would be understood by one skilled in the art. Thus, not all of the operations of each of the flow charts need to be performed, and the present disclosure expressly intends that all subcombinations of such operations are enabled as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

The storage medium may include any type of tangible medium, for example, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, compact disk read-only memories (CD-ROMs), compact disk rewritables (CD-RWs), digital versatile disks (DVDs) and magneto-optical disks, semiconductor devices such as read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs) such as dynamic and static RAMs, erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs), flash memories, magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions.

“Circuitry”, as used in any embodiment herein, may comprise, for example, singly or in any combination, hardwired circuitry, programmable circuitry, state machine circuitry, and/or firmware that stores instructions executed by programmable circuitry. An app may be embodied as code or instructions which may be executed on programmable circuitry such as a host processor or other programmable circuitry. A module, as used in any embodiment herein, may be embodied as circuitry. The circuitry may be embodied as an integrated circuit, such as an integrated circuit chip.

Thus, the present disclosure provides devices, methods, systems and computer-readable storage medium for improved coverage estimation of wireless cellular networks, for example LTE networks, through User Equipment (UE) idle mode measurement and reporting. The following examples pertain to further embodiments.

The UE may include a signal measurement module to measure a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a serving cell of the UE, the UE in an idle mode, and to determine if the RSRP is below a threshold value. The UE of this example may also include a cell search and selection module to search for a neighbor cell in response to determining that the RSRP is below the threshold value, and to camp on the neighbor cell if the search succeeds. The UE of this example may further include a data logging module to log information associated with the neighbor cell, if the neighbor cell search succeeds and to log information associated with the serving cell, if the neighbor cell search fails.

Another example UE includes the forgoing components and further includes a discontinuous reception (DRX) timer to trigger the signal measurement module to perform the RSRP measurement, the trigger at the expiration of a DRX time interval.

Another example UE includes the forgoing components and further includes a location module to provide a location of the UE, the location included in the log information and a time module to provide a timestamp, the timestamp included in the log information.

Another example UE includes the forgoing components and the log information includes RSRP, reference signal received quality (RSRQ) and a cell identification.

Another example UE includes the forgoing components and the cell search and selection module is further configured to search for a neighbor long term evolution (LTE) cell; and search for a neighbor inter-radio access technology (IRAT) cell, if the search for a neighbor LTE cell fails.

Another example UE includes the forgoing components and the IRAT cell includes a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) cell or a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) cell.

Another example UE includes the forgoing components and further includes a reporting module to report the log information, to a capacity and coverage optimization (CCO) module of a network manager (NM) or an element manager (EM), the reporting through an evolved Node B (eNB) in response to the UE reconnecting to the eNB.

According to another aspect there is provided a method. The method may include triggering a measurement of a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a serving cell of a User Equipment (UE), the UE in idle mode, the trigger at the expiration of a discontinuous reception (DRX) time interval. The method of this example may also include determining if the RSRP of the serving cell of the UE is below a threshold value. The method of this example may further include searching for a neighbor cell, in response to the determining that the RSRP is below the threshold value. The method of this example may further include logging information associated with the neighbor cell, if the neighbor cell search succeeds. The method of this example may further include logging information associated with the serving cell, if the neighbor cell search fails.

Another example method includes the forgoing operations and the log information includes RSRP, reference signal received quality (RSRQ), a cell identification, a location of the UE and a timestamp.

Another example method includes the forgoing operations and the searching for a neighbor cell further includes: searching for a neighbor long term evolution (LTE) cell; and searching for a neighbor inter-radio access technology (IRAT) cell, if the search for a neighbor LTE cell fails.

Another example method includes the forgoing operations and the IRAT cell includes a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) cell or a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) cell.

Another example method includes the forgoing operations and further includes reporting the log information, to a capacity and coverage optimization (CCO) module of a network manager (NM) or an element manager (EM), the reporting through an evolved Node B (eNB) in response to the UE reconnecting to the eNB.

Another example method includes the forgoing operations and further includes remaining in idle mode and waiting for a subsequent trigger, after the logging.

Another example method includes the forgoing operations and further includes camping on the neighbor cell, if the neighbor cell search succeeds.

According to another aspect there is provided a system. The system may include a User Equipment (UE) measurement receiver module to receive measurements from a plurality of UEs in an idle mode state, the measurements associated with a cell and including an ID of the cell, a reference signal received power (RSRP), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), a location of the UE location and a timestamp. The system of this example may also include a UE measurement analysis module to correlate the received UE measurements based on the UE locations. The system of this example may further include a coverage hole identification module to identify and locate holes in spatial coverage of a long term evolution (LTE) wireless cellular network based on the correlations.

Another example system includes the forgoing components and further includes a UE measurement database to store the received UE measurements over a time interval associated with the UE measurement analysis.

Another example system includes the forgoing components and the received UE measurements are provided through an evolved Node B (eNB).

Another example system includes the forgoing components and the received UE measurements are provided through a domain manager.

According to another aspect there is provided a system. The system may include a means for triggering a measurement of a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a serving cell of a User Equipment (UE), the UE in idle mode, the trigger at the expiration of a discontinuous reception (DRX) time interval. The system of this example may also include a means for determining if the RSRP of the serving cell of the UE is below a threshold value. The system of this example may further include a means for searching for a neighbor cell, in response to the determining that the RSRP is below the threshold value. The system of this example may further include a means for logging information associated with the neighbor cell, if the neighbor cell search succeeds. The system of this example may further include a means for logging information associated with the serving cell, if the neighbor cell search fails.

Another example system includes the forgoing components and the log information includes RSRP, reference signal received quality (RSRQ), a cell identification, a location of the UE and a timestamp.

Another example system includes the forgoing components and further includes a means for searching for a neighbor long term evolution (LTE) cell; and a means for searching for a neighbor inter-radio access technology (IRAT) cell, if the search for a neighbor LTE cell fails.

Another example system includes the forgoing components and the IRAT cell includes a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) cell or a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) cell.

Another example system includes the forgoing components and further includes a means for reporting the log information, to a capacity and coverage optimization (CCO) module of a network manager (NM) or an element manager (EM), the reporting through an evolved Node B (eNB) in response to the UE reconnecting to the eNB.

Another example system includes the forgoing components and further includes a means for remaining in idle mode and waiting for a subsequent trigger, after the logging.

Another example system includes the forgoing components and further includes a means for camping on the neighbor cell, if the neighbor cell search succeeds.

According to another aspect there is provided at least one computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the operations of the method as described in any of the examples above.

According to another aspect there is provided an apparatus including means to perform a method as described in any of the examples above.

The terms and expressions which have been employed herein are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention, in the use of such terms and expressions, of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described (or portions thereof), and it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the claims. Accordingly, the claims are intended to cover all such equivalents. Various features, aspects, and embodiments have been described herein. The features, aspects, and embodiments are susceptible to combination with one another as well as to variation and modification, as will be understood by those having skill in the art. The present disclosure should, therefore, be considered to encompass such combinations, variations, and modifications. 

What is claimed is: 1-24. (canceled)
 25. A User Equipment (UE) comprising: a measuring module to measure a reference signal received power (RSRP) and a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) of a serving cell for said UE in an idle mode; a logging module to collect said RSRP and said RSRQ from the measuring module and to log said RSRP and said RSRQ; and a transmitter to report said RSRP and said RSRQ from said logging module to a coverage and capacity optimization (CCO) module in a network manager or a domain manager.
 26. The UE of claim 25, wherein the transmitter further to report at least one from a group comprising a time stamp, location information of said UE and a cell ID of said cell.
 27. The UE of claim 25, wherein the logging module to log said RSRP and said RSRQ based on a discontinuous reception (DRX) timer.
 28. The UE of claim 25, wherein said measuring module is further to determine if said RSRP and said RSRQ is below a threshold value.
 29. The UE of claim 28, further comprising: a cell search and selection module to search for a neighbor long term evolution (LTE) cell in response to determining that said RSRP and said RSRQ is below said threshold value, and to camp on said neighbor LTE cell if said search for a neighbor LTE cell succeeds.
 30. The UE of claim 29, wherein said cell search and selection module is further to search for a neighbor inter-radio access technology (IRAT) cell if said search for a neighbor LTE cell fails.
 31. The UE of claim 25, further comprising: a receiver to receive one or more signals from an evolved Node B (eNB) associated with the serving cell of said UE.
 32. A capacity and coverage optimization (CCO) system in a network manager, said system comprising: a User Equipment (UE) measurement receiver module to receive a UE measurement from a UE in an idle mode, said UE measurement to comprise a reference signal received power (RSRP) and a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) associated with a long term evolution (LTE) cell; and a UE measurement analysis module to analyze said UE measurement from the UE measurement receiver module to obtain a correlation of said UE measurement; and a coverage hole detection module to detect a LTE coverage hole based on said correlation of said UE measurement.
 33. The CCO system of claim 32, further comprising: a UE measurement database to store said received UE measurements over a time interval associated with said UE measurement analysis.
 34. The CCO system of claim 32, wherein the UE measurement receiver module to receive said UE measurement via an evolved Node B (eNB) associated with the serving cell of said UE.
 35. The CCO system of claim 34, wherein said network manager is to communicate with an element manager in said eNB.
 36. A method comprising: measuring a reference signal received power (RSRP) and a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) of a serving cell for a UE in an idle mode; logging said RSRP and said RSRQ; reporting said RSRP and said RSRQ to a coverage and capacity optimization (CCO) module in a network manager or a domain manager.
 37. The method of claim 36, further comprising: reporting at least one from a group comprising a time stamp, location information of said UE and a cell ID of said serving cell.
 38. The method of claim 36, further comprising: triggering measuring of said RSRP and said RSRQ at an end of a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle.
 39. The method of claim 36, further comprising: searching for a neighbor long term evolution (LTE) cell in response to determining that said RSRP and said RSRQ is below a threshold value, and camping on said neighbor LTE cell if said search for the neighbor LTE cell succeeds.
 40. The method of claim 39, further comprising: searching for a neighbor inter-radio access technology (IRAT) cell if said search for the neighbor LTE cell fails.
 41. The method of claim 40, wherein said IRAT cell comprises a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) cell or a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) cell.
 42. The method of claim 36, further comprising: reporting said RSRP and said RSRQ to said CCO module via an evolved Node B (eNB).
 43. A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which when executed by a processor, result in the following operations for a user equipment (UE), said operations comprising: measuring a reference signal received power (RSRP) and a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) of a serving cell for a UE in an idle mode; logging said RSRP and said RSRQ; and reporting said RSRP and said RSRQ to a coverage and capacity optimization (CCO) module in a network manager or a domain manager.
 44. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 43, said operations comprising: reporting at least one from a group comprising a time stamp, location information of said UE and a cell ID of said serving cell.
 45. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 43, said operations comprising: triggering measuring of said RSRP and said RSRQ at an end of a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle.
 46. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 43, said operations comprising: searching for a neighbor long term evolution (LTE) cell in response to determining that said RSRP and said RSRQ is below a threshold value, and camping on said neighbor LTE cell if said search for the neighbor LTE cell succeeds.
 47. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 46, said operations comprising: searching for a neighbor inter-radio access technology (IRAT) cell if said search for the neighbor LTE cell fails.
 48. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 47, wherein said IRAT cell comprises a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) cell or a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) cell.
 49. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 43, said operations comprising: reporting said RSRP and said RSRQ to said CCO module via an evolved Node B (eNB). 